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Force between two point charges follows an inverse-square law.
Force per unit positive test charge around a source charge.
Work per unit charge to bring a charge from infinity; equipotentials.
Microscopic origin of current in terms of electron drift.
Linear V–I relation; resistance depends on geometry and resistivity.
Combination rules for resistor networks.
Power dissipation in a resistor; kWh as the practical unit.
Lorentz force F = qv × B and the resulting circular trajectory.
Force on a current segment and torque on a current loop.
Rate of change of flux equals induced EMF.
Induced current opposes the change — a statement of energy conservation.