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Absolute and relative refractive index; lateral shift through a slab.
Critical angle and the working principle of optical fibres.
Apparent shift of an immersed object due to refraction.
Deviation through a prism and the minimum-deviation condition.
Splitting of white light; cause of rainbows and angular dispersion.
Gaussian lens equation and lateral magnification.
Focal length from the two surface radii and the material's refractive index.
The eye is a living camera; myopia and hypermetropia are corrected with concave / convex lenses.