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Reflection law and Snell's law for refraction at a boundary.
Absolute and relative refractive index; lateral shift through a slab.
Critical angle and the working principle of optical fibres.
Apparent shift of an immersed object due to refraction.
Deviation through a prism and the minimum-deviation condition.
Splitting of white light; cause of rainbows and angular dispersion.
General formula for refraction at a single curved boundary.
Focal length from the two surface radii and the material's refractive index.
Gaussian lens equation and lateral magnification.
Optical layout of simple and compound microscopes and magnifying power.
Refracting telescope in normal adjustment; angular magnification.