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Lorentz force F = qv × B and the resulting circular trajectory.
Force on a current segment and torque on a current loop.
Magnetic field from a current element; field at the centre of a loop.
Line integral of B equals μ₀ times enclosed current; symmetric cases.
Force per unit length between two parallel wires; defines the ampere.
Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, and susceptibility.
B–H curve, retentivity, coercivity, and energy lost per cycle.
Torque-balance principle; current sensitivity and meter conversion.
Transverse voltage across a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field.
Conversion of electrical to mechanical energy via torque on a loop.