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Structure of the solar system and Kepler's laws in context.
Celestial equator, ecliptic, cardinal points, apparent motion.
Refracting telescope in normal adjustment; angular magnification.
AU, light-year, parsec; stellar parallax.
Spectral classes (OBAFGKM) and the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram.
Main sequence to red giant to white dwarf / neutron star / black hole.
Galaxy types and structure of the Milky Way.
Recessional velocity proportional to distance; redshift.
Origin of the universe, CMB, and the age estimate.