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Constancy of c and the principle of relativity.
Moving clocks run slow by the Lorentz factor γ.
Length contracted along the direction of motion.
Variable mass and mass–energy equivalence.
Quantized energy E = hf to resolve the UV catastrophe.
Einstein's equation hf = φ + KE_max and stopping potential.
Wavelength shift confirming photon momentum.
Every particle has a wavelength λ = h/p.
Low-pressure gas discharge revealing the electron.
X-ray production, continuous + characteristic spectra.