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Every point on a wavefront is a source of secondary wavelets.
Light as a transverse EM wave; Poynting vector as energy-flow density.
Condition for sustained interference; coherent vs incoherent sources.
Path-difference fringes; β = λD/d.
Position of minima a sinθ = mλ and central-maximum width.
Principal maxima at d sinθ = mλ; spectral resolution.
Transverse nature of light; unpolarized → polarized.
Intensity through a polarizer follows cos²θ.
Polarization by reflection at tan θ_B = n.