Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Lorentz force F = qv × B and the resulting circular trajectory.

Force on a current segment and torque on a current loop.

Magnetic field from a current element; field at the centre of a loop.

Line integral of B equals μ₀ times enclosed current; symmetric cases.

Force per unit length between two parallel wires; defines the ampere.

Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, and susceptibility.

B–H curve, retentivity, coercivity, and energy lost per cycle.

Torque-balance principle; current sensitivity and meter conversion.

Transverse voltage across a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field.

Conversion of electrical to mechanical energy via torque on a loop.