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Microscopic origin of current in terms of electron drift.
Linear V–I relation; resistance depends on geometry and resistivity.
Linear approximation R = R₀(1 + αΔT) and the colour code.
Distinction between EMF and terminal voltage under load.
Combination rules for resistor networks.
Current law (KCL) and voltage law (KVL) for circuit analysis.
Null-method comparison; balanced-bridge condition.
Null-method comparison of EMFs and unknown resistances.
Power dissipation in a resistor; kWh as the practical unit.
Converting a galvanometer into ammeter/voltmeter via shunt/multiplier.