Forces, Density & Pressure

Sum of two vectors is the diagonal of the parallelogram they form.

Any vector splits into perpendicular components along chosen axes.

For small deformations, stress is proportional to strain.

Pressure in a liquid grows linearly with depth: P = hρg.

The weight of air above us creates pressure — a mercury column rises 76 cm to balance it.

Submerged body experiences upward force equal to weight of displaced fluid.